From Georgia Tragedy to Oklahoma Frontier
A Biography of Scots Creek Indian Chief Chilly McIntosh by Billie Jane McIntosh
Many of the early 18th and 19th century Scots settlers of the
Southeastern United States intermarried and formed partnerships with
the Native Americans of that region. These mixed-blood alliances
produced talented Indian leaders, an exceptional group of unsung heroes
who performed vital services for their people. They negotiated and
translated during peace treaties, maintained traditional values, and
formed valuable alliances, some of which have persisted to the present
day.
Chilly McIntosh, son of legendary Chief William McIntosh, Jr., was
one of these leaders. With roots in both ancient Scotland and the Creek
Wind Clan, he was the perfect amalgam of both cultures. As elected
Chief of his tribal township, he made efforts to straddle the divide
between both the traditional and progressive factions, while at the
same time performing duties as Clerk of the Creek Tribal Council.
Finally accepting the inevitable fact that his people were being
displaced from their long-established lands, he made every effort to
see that they were treated fairly and respectfully during their journey
west.
This account of the life of McIntosh, written by his great-great
granddaughter, expertly weaves his personal story into the general saga
of the Creek people. From his youth in the Indian towns of the
southeast to his ultimate relocation to the Oklahoma lands that were to
be his final home, we explore the many facets of his long and varied
life. We learn of the controversial death of his father, Chilly's
participation in the recording of the Laws of the Creek Tribe, his
visit with General Lafayette, the role he assumed while leading his
people west, his life as a Civil War Colonel, and his final service as
a Baptist minister. Illustrated with line drawings and numerous family
photographs, this chronicle of Chilly McIntosh is the ultimate story of
triumph in the face of adversity, one to be cherished and savored by
those who admire the strength of the human spirit.
Format: 6” x 9” perfect bound on acid-free creme paper
Pages: 204 including table of contents, introduction, family album, bibliography and index
Illustrations: many historical images, maps, photographs and line drawings ISBN 10:
0-9753667-8-5 ISBN 13: 978-0-9753667-8-3 LCCN: 2008936806
Here is a link to a 30 March 2009 article and review which appeared in the Newnan, Georgia Times-Herald: [see copy below]: http://www.times-herald.com/Local/McIntosh-descendant-pens-story-about-chiefs-son-Chilly-700971
McIntosh descendant pens story about chief's son Chilly
By Winston Skinner
The Times-Herald [Newnan, Georgia]
Editor's note: Coweta County is named in honor of Chief William
McIntosh, the half Scots, half Creek leader of the Cowetas who signed
the Treaty of Indian Springs in the early 1800s that ceded the land
that is now west Georgia for development.
Arizona writer Billie Jane McIntosh has written a book about Chilly
McIntosh, son of Chief William McIntosh and her own
great-great-grandfather.
"From Georgia Tragedy To Oklahoma Frontier: A Biography of Scots
Creek Indian Chief Chilly McIntosh" is Billie Jane McIntosh's second
foray into writing about her family. She visited Coweta County several
years ago after her previous book, "Ah-Ko-Kee: American Sovereign," was
published.
That book was about Jane McIntosh Hawkins, Chilly's sister. "Actually,
I think I wanted to write about him first -- a long time ago," she
said. McIntosh chose to write about Jane Hawkins first -- in part
because of the subject's gender.
"I really didn't know how to go about writing from a man's perspective," she said.
In researching her books, McIntosh has sought to get the real story --
often using documents that date to the era when her characters were
living. Authenticity, she said, is vital.
"I think that is really important. I've read so much about Native
Americans. So much of it was over romanticized or made dramatic," she
said. She said "a lot of false stuff" can be found in print when it
comes to the Creeks and what happened to them 180 years ago.
"I wanted to make it as honest as I could," she said of her book about her ancestor.
Chilly McIntosh's life story has many different layers. In some
circumstances, he was part of the white world of his time. In others,
he was seen as Indian. He made a successful transition from life in
Georgia to the Creeks' new home in Oklahoma.
Chilly and his half brother, Daniel Newnan McIntosh, were both
Confederate officers during the Civil War. Chilly McIntosh eventually
became a Baptist minister -- preaching the gospel to members of several
Indian tribes before his death in 1875.
"I think he was a hero for all the things he did -- an unsung hero," she said.
Telling his story required exploring "the fact that he was half Scots
and half Native American and had that cultural problem to go through,"
Billie Jane McIntosh reflected. She recalled her own struggles in
dealing with being part Indian as a girl, "which wasn't anything
compared to what he had to go through."
Even though McIntosh grew up occasionally visiting Creek relatives, she
did not know about her famous ancestors until she was an adult. She
recalled that many of her Native American relatives felt they had
"nothing to prove" and did not dwell on the McIntosh heritage.
Her father "never talked about things," she recalled. "I had to just pull it out of him."
Also, while white historians have sometimes seen William McIntosh in a
positive light, the leadership among the Creeks in the West has largely
been held by descendants of the Upper Creeks, who opposed William
McIntosh's efforts to achieve rapprochement with the white settlers and
the federal government.
One reason for "Georgia Tragedy" was "to show all the different events
that went into how the tribe was moved" from Georgia to Oklahoma.
Chilly McIntosh was a key player in that process.
McIntosh's research took her to many places -- including the McIntosh
Reserve in Carroll County and the Indian Spring Hotel in Butts County
in Georgia. She also got to examine many documents dating to Chilly's
time.
A fascinating chapter in the book grew from Works Progress
Administration interviews done with former slaves of the Creeks in
Oklahoma. "Research is so much fun that way. You come across so many
things that are interesting," the author said.
Her research has left some tantalizing threads she could follow for
another writing project. "There's a lot there to write about," she
said. "I don't know yet if I'm going to write another book."
McIntosh, a former resident of Flagstaff who has lived in Cottonwood,
Ariz. for almost two years, said she also likes "to fool around with
poetry" and might go in another direction with her writing in the
future.
---
Book Review: 'Georgia Tragedy' has much to offer
By W. WINSTON SKINNER
[In this book review/commentary, Times-Herald Assistant News Editor
Winston Skinner reflects on Billie Jane McIntosh's previous visit to
Senoia.]
The local legend I have heard is that Chilly McIntosh escaped from his
family's burning home at McIntosh Reserve on the fateful day in 1825
when his father was murdered.
As the story goes, Chilly swam across the Chattahoochee and ran --
stopping for momentary shelter at the Luckie cabin which still stands
at the little community of Buckeye in what is now western Coweta
County. That was about all I knew about Chilly McIntosh -- beyond the
barest genealogical facts -- until I read Billie Jane McIntosh's new
book.
"From Georgia Tragedy To Oklahoma Frontier: A Biography of Scots Creek
Indian Chief Chilly McIntosh" (American History Imprints, paper,
$18.95) is a great addition to our trove of knowledge about this family
that played such a pivotal role in the history of western Georgia and
-- in particular -- Coweta County. I thoroughly enjoyed Billie Jane
McIntosh's previous book, "Ah-Ko-Kee: American Sovereign," which told
the story of Chilly McIntosh's sister, Jane McIntosh Mitchell Hawkins.
Jane Hawkins and Chilly McIntosh were both children of Chief William
McIntosh, who was the son of a trader with Scots blood from the Georgia
coast and an Indian princess from the Creeks' prominent Wind Clan. It
was Chief William McIntosh who signed the Treaty of Indian Springs,
which opened western Georgia to settlement, and he paid for that
decision with his life.
"Ah-Ko-Kee" is good, but the book about Chilly is better. Billie Jane
McIntosh shows a broad range of writing skills in "Georgia Tragedy."
Parts of the book read almost like a novel. Others reveal extensive,
meticulous research. The story flows with Chilly's turbulent life --
from his childhood as the son of a prominent man both Indian and white,
to young adulthood as a leader of the Creeks during their move from
Georgia and settlement in Oklahoma and -- finally -- to his elder
statesman status and his becoming a Baptist minister.
Particularly fascinating is the section on slaves owned by the Creeks.
Ms. McIntosh has ferreted out first person accounts of former slaves
and their children that relate the unique -- and often positive --
relationships between the slave-holding Creeks who went West and the
African-Americans who worked with and for them.
"Georgia Tragedy" is also noteworthy for its extras. The author has
included a fascinating section of family photographs and a family tree
that starts in Scotland in 1137, passed through Chief William McIntosh
and ends with the author. She also has included "The Laws of the Creek
Nation" taken from a document written by Chilly McIntosh in 1825 --
shortly before the life he had known in Georgia imploded and
disappeared.
I hear there are plans afoot to bring Billie Jane McIntosh to this part
of Georgia to autograph and talk about "Georgia Tragedy." The writer --
who is Chilly's great-great-granddaughter -- charmed Cowetans when she
visited Senoia after her first book was published. As a skilled
communicator and a direct descendant of Chief William McIntosh, she is
able to share a unique viewpoint about the McIntosh family and their
role in the history of Georgia and America.
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